The menstrual cycle is a crucial indicator of a woman's overall health. One of the most common menstrual irregularities that women experience is known as "amenorrhea," or a missed period. This doesn’t just imply the possibility of pregnancy but can also be a signal for other underlying medical conditions. To help alleviate any worries you may have associated with this condition, read on for more valuable information about amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea (or Missed period)

Amenorrhea, also known as missed period, is a condition where a woman of childbearing age does not experience a normal menstrual cycle. The average length of a menstrual cycle is 28-30 days, but it can range from 21-35 days. Menstruation usually lasts for about 3-5 days and should not exceed 7 days. The amount of menstrual flow per day should also not exceed 80 cc or require changing sanitary napkins more than 4 times per day.

Amenorrhea can be divided into 2 types as follows:

1.        ‘Primary amenorrhea’, is a condition where a woman does not have menstruation even after the age of 18. In general, women start menstruating from the age of 12.

2.        ‘Secondary amenorrhea’ this is when a woman has already started menstruation but has missed a period for at least 6 months or 3 menstrual cycles.

Causes of Amenorrhea

Primary amenorrhea can be caused by genetics, chromosomal abnormalities or abnormalities of the reproductive system. This results in the ovaries not being able to produce hormones normally. For secondary amenorrhea, this can be caused by a variety of reasons such as:

- Pregnancy

- Breastfeeding

- Stress

- Excessive weight loss or gain

- Imbalance of hormone levels

- Menopause

- Intense physical activity

- Taking certain medications such as antidepressants, high blood pressure medicine

- Medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome or thyroid disorders

 - Early onset of ovarian failure due to exposure to radiation or chemotherapy drugs

Which type of amenorrhea is indicative of pregnancy?

Secondary amenorrhea caused by pregnancy can present observable symptoms. In addition to amenorrhea, other signs that indicate pregnancy onset include

·       Fatigue during pregnancy can occur as certain parts of the body, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, work harder to support the growing fetus.

·       Dizziness, headaches or fainting from hormonal changes and blood pressure

·       Loss of appetite or cravings for unusual foods, such as sour fruits.

·       Morning sickness, including nausea and vomiting, which may start as early as one month after conception.

·       Mood swings and a rise in body temperature due to increased levels of the hormone progesterone.

·       Frequent urination resulting from pressure on the bladder due to the expanding uterus.

·       Breast and nipple tenderness or tightness.

·       Increased vaginal discharge compared to usual.

When the above physical signs are present, it could indicate a possibility of pregnancy. However, to confirm pregnancy, it is recommended to either use a pregnancy test kit or consult with a gynecologist for a comprehensive examination. Early detection of pregnancy through proper testing or medical evaluation can help with timely planning and management.

Self-care practices for a normal menstrual cycle

One approach is to make lifestyle adjustments that foster positive mental health. It's advisable to avoid stressful situations, seek inner relaxation, and cultivate a supportive external environment. It's essential to make time for leisure activities and engage in your favorite hobbies. In terms of the body, prioritizing proper nutrition can help regulate weight and promote hormonal balance. Additionally, it's recommended to limit or abstain from consuming alcoholic and caffeinated beverages.

To effectively manage amenorrhea, it's crucial to undergo a comprehensive medical examination to determine the appropriate methods for caring for the body and mind. Krungthai-AXA Life Insurance policyholders can utilize the Telehealth service application, EMMA, to consult with a doctor online. Simply press the "TeleHealth" button and enter your policy number for the initial setup. For more information, please visit: https://www.krungthai-axa.co.th/th/telehealth.

References

·       Bumrungrad Hospital
https://www.bumrungrad.com/th/conditions/amenorrhea

·       Sikarin Hospital
http://bit.ly/3wLsjrD

·       Petcharavej Hospital
http://bit.ly/3jdRW1g

·       Pobpad website
http://bit.ly/40eKdRq